Arabic-language reference guide to company formation in federal Iraq under Companies Law No. 21 of 1997 (as amended). General legal information, not legal advice; verify with Iraqi counsel; the Kurdistan Region differs and the foreign-ownership rule reversed in 2019.
Important: while CPA Order 64/2004 once allowed 100% foreign ownership, Amendment No. 17 of 2019 reintroduced a 51% Iraqi-ownership requirement on the standard Companies-Law route (so foreign ownership is generally capped at 49%). 100%/majority foreign is available via a National Investment Commission (NIC) licensed project, a foreign-company branch, or in the Kurdistan Region. The LLC minimum capital is IQD 1,000,000; registration runs through the Companies Registrar (Ministry of Trade).
